Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a high-speed packet switching network technology industry standard. ATM networks have been deployed because they offer the ability to transport voice, data, and video signals over a single system. The flexibility that ATM offers incorporates both circuit and packet switching techniques into one technology, creating a more....
Sample Diagrams
There are 47 self explanatory diagrams in this book
Asynchronous Transmission
Unlike TDM in traditional telecommunication systems, ATM does not assign any time slots to a given user and it is not tied to a master clock. Instead of this it dynamically allocates ATM cells when user equipment wishes to transmit information. Cells representing traffic generated by different users are multiplexed, which is shown in the Fig. 1-1) over the physical medium. However, ATM does not run directly over the physical medium, so the physical layer technology must be used to provide ATM with a set of necessary functions. In result, ATM cells are often transmitted in the asynchronous mode but using the synchronous physical layer.
VP/VC
VP/VC switching is yet another method for switching of ATM cells. This method requires that an ATM switch is capable of simultaneous change of both identifiers: VPI and VCI. In a switch cells that belongs to a given virtual circuit can be extracted from the combination of a virtual channel and a virtual path and passed to another combination of a virtual channel and a virtual path.
The values for the VPI and VCI fields are unique with regards to a specific link connecting two ATM sites. The values may change when routing through a switch. In fact switching operations performed in an ATM switch are restricted to the cross-connection of a VPI/VCI combination on the input port to a VPI/VCI combination on the output port.
Relation between CTD and CDV
The relation between maxCTD and peak-to-peak CDV is explained in the Fig. 4-3, where the cell arrival distribution as a function of arrival time is presented. As can be easily noticed, for a given source, destination and route, some minimum (fixed) delay always exists due to the physical characteristics of the transmission path. However, only some cells make it in the minimum time. Most of the cells, according to the probability density function are delivered within ranges set by the value of the maxCTD. But the probability density function says that it is also possible that some cells can reach the destination later than it is desired. Such cells will not be counted as delivered properly and they are treated as lost cells. By choosing a value of CTD, the customer and the carrier make an agreement on how late a cell can be delivered and still count as a correctly delivered cell. Normally, CDV is chosen so that, the fraction of cells that rejected for being too late be on the order of 10-10 or less.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1- What Is ATM
1.1 Why Asynchronous?
1.2 Is ATM a packet switched or circuit switched technology?
1.3 Advantages of ATM
1.3.1 Support for variety of applications
1.3.2 Scalability
1.3.3 Interworking with other technologies
1.3.4 Maturity Stage
Chapter 2- How Does ATM Work
2.1 ATM Protocol Reference Model
2.2 Physical Layer
2.2.1 Sub-layers
2.2.2 Physical Interfaces
2.2 ATM Layer
2.2.1 ATM Cells
2.2.2 ATM Cell Header
2.2.3 Cell Transmission
2.2.4 OAM Cells
2.2.5Cell Reception
2.2.6 Virtual Channels and Virtual Paths
2.2.7 ATM Switch
2.3 ATM Adaptation Layer
2.3.1 AAL Type 1
2.3.2 AAL Type 2
2.3.3 AAL Type 3/4
2.3.4 AAL Type 5
2.3.5 Other types of AAL
Chapter 3- Virtual Circuits
3.1. Permanent Virtual Connections
3.2. Switched Virtual Connections
3.3. Soft Permanent Virtual Connections
3.4. Point-to-Multipoint Connections
Chapter 4- ATM Services
4.1 Quality of Service Categories
4.2 Quality of Service Parameters
4.2.1 Negotiable QoS Parameters
4.2.2 Non-negotiable QoS Parameters
4.3 Traffic Descriptors
4.4 Traffic management
4.4.1 Connection Admission Control
4.4.2 Resource Reservation and Management
4.4.3 Usage Parameter Control
4.4.4 Traffic Shaping
4.4.5 Cell Loss Priority Control
4.4.6 Explicit Forward Congestion Indication
4.4.7 Rate-based Congestion Control in ABR Service
Chapter 5- Using ATM to Connect Systems
5.1 ATM Address Formats
5.1 Address Registration
5.2 UNI Protocol
5.3 PNNI Protocol
5.5 AINI Protocol
5.6 B-ICI Protocol
Chapter 6- Where is ATM Used Today
6.1 IP over ATM
6.2. Voice over ATM
6.2.1 Circuit Emulation Services
6.2.2. ATM Trunking for Narrowband Services using AAL 2
6.3. Frame Relay and ATM Interworking
Chapter 7-How is ATM Changing
7.1 Inverse Multiplexing for ATM
7.2 ATM over ADSL
7.2.1 GFR
7.2.2 Differentiated-UBR
7.3 The evolution of methods IP and ATM interworking
Glossary
Index
About the Author
Miroslaw Wasniowski is a communications systems expert who has worked with many leading communications companies including Ericsson and Motorola. During his studies at the AGH University of Science and Technology in Cracow, Poland, he was involved in the research in the area of ATM LAN installations where the results of the research program were presented at the CIS Solutions for an Enlarged NATO conference, which took place in 1999 in Zegrze, Poland. Mr. Wasniowski worked as an Ericsson Consultant developing and presenting advanced training programmes across Europe and other continents. Mr. Wasniowski is the Vice President and key developers of nGT-wise, a consulting firm that focuses on the next generation technologies in the domain of IT and telecommunication. He is a member of the KnowledgeBoard under European Knowledge Management Forum. He has received his M.Sc. Diplomas in Electronics and Telecommunication as well as in Management and Marketing from the AGH University of Science and Technology in Cracow, Poland.
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Description
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a high-speed packet switching network technology industry standard. ATM networks have been deployed because they offer the ability to transport voice, data, and video signals over a single system. The flexibility that ATM offers incorporates both circuit and packet switching techniques into one technology, creating a variable transport network solution with simple network processing functions. ATM Basics provides an understanding of how the systems operate and the applications that use ATM systems.
ATM has become the world standard that is used to interconnect telephone and data networks. This book covers the operation of ATM systems and it explains why ATM switching is much faster than other types of packet data networks such as TCP/IP.
You will learn that ATM standards include ATM adaptation layers (AAL) that define how to connect ATM systems to other types of communications networks such as voice and IP networks. Explained are the processes that are used to monitor and control different levels of quality of service (QoS). You will discover that ATM packets can be sent over a many types of physical links including wireless, optical, coax, and copper lines. ATM provides for different services including CBR, VBR, and ABR. ATM services provide key applications including PVCs, SVCs, VDT, LANE, and IP.
If you are involved in telephone networks, computer networks, cable television networks, wireless networks or other telecommunications systems and equipment, ATM is almost certainly part of your system and you need to understand how it works and what it can do.
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