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Description

This book explains the fundamentals of how MPEG works and how MPEG is used in cable television, satellite systems, mobile telecom and Internet television systems. You will discover the basics of audio and video digitization and compression and the standard formats that are used in MPEG files. Introduction to MPEG explains the processes that control media flow and timing synchronization along with how MPEG transmission can monitor and control audio and video quality. You will discover about video compression, streaming services and media control protocols.

MPEG has the capability of providing multiple media channels including data channels that can provide media information such as play list titles, artists and media descriptions. You will learn how these channels are combined and time synchronized along with how to manage quality of service (QoS).

You will learn how MPEG audio coders can range from low complexity (layer 1) to high complexity (layer 3) including a new AAC that has improved compression performance than MP3. MPEG video coders range from simple digital video compression technologies used in MPEG-1 to complex multi-object compression used in MPEG-4. Various compression technologies such as motion estimation and compression scalability are described.

Discover how the MPEG system groups image elements (pixels) within each image (frame) into small blocks, which are grouped into macroblocks. Macroblocks can be combined into slices and each image may contain several slices. Learn how slices make up frames, which come in several different types and how different types of frames can be combined into a group of pictures (GOP).

Explanations of how MPEG transmission can combine, send and manage the transmission of multiple forms of information (multimedia) is also provided. You will learn that MPEG systems are composed of various types of streams ranging from the basic raw data stream (elementary streams) to stream that contain a single television video (a program stream) or a stream that combines multiple programs (transport streams).

The different frame types including independent reference frames (I-frames), predicted frames (P-frames), bi-directionally predicted frames (B-Frames) and DC frames (basic block reference levels) are described. Learn how MPEG transmission systems regularly broadcast tables that describe programs, program components or other information that is related to the delivery and decoding of programs.

Discover how MPEG standards use profiles to define required protocols and actions that enable the providing of features and services for particular MPEG applications. These applications range from providing standard television services over a broadcast system to providing video services on a mobile wireless network. Some of the most important topics featured are:

· How MPEG Works
· Audio Compression
· Video Compression
· Digital Quantization
· Transmission Formats
· Media Streams
· Frame Types
· Program Tables
· Channel Multiplexing
· Profiles and Levels

Sample Diagrams

There are 34 explanatory diagrams in this book

MPEG Evolution

This figure shows how MPEG systems have evolved over time. This diagram shows that the original MPEG specification (MPEG-1) developed in 1991 offered medium quality digital video and audio at up to 1.2 Mbps, primarily sent via CD ROMs. This standard evolved in 1995 to become MPEG-2 that was used for satellite and cable digital television along with DVD distribution. The MPEG specification then evolved into MPEG-4 in 1999 to permit multimedia distribution through the Internet. This example shows that work continues with MPEG-7 for object based multimedia and MPEG-21 for digital rights management.

MPEG Channel Multiplexing

This figure shows how MPEG transmission can be used to combine video, audio, and data onto one packet data communication channel. This example shows that multiple types of signals are digitized and converted into a format suitable for the MPEG packetizers. This example shows a MPEG channel that includes video, audio, and user data for a television message. This example shows that each media source is packetized and sent to a multiplexer that combines the channels into a single transport stream. The multiplexer also combines program specific information that describes the content and format of the media channels. The multiplexer uses a clock to time stamp the MPEG information to allow it to be separated and recreated in the correct time sequence.

Introduction to MPEG

Distribution Systems

Audio Compression

Video Compression

Media Streams

MPEG Transmission

MPEG Program Tables

Video Modes

Media Flow Control

Media Synchronization

Display Formatting

Digital Video Quality (DVQ)

Digital Rights Management (DRM)

MPEG-1

MPEG-2

MPEG-4

MPEG-7

MPEG-21

MPEG Profiles

MPEG Levels

Conformance Points

Appendix I - Acronyms

Index

MPEG Acronyms-Appendix 1

AAC - Advanced Audio Codec
AF - Adaptation Field
API - Application Program Interface
ASK - Amplitude Shift Keying
ATSC - Advanced Television Systems Committee
AU - Access Unit
AVC - Advanced Video Coding
BAT - Banquet Association Table
b - Bidirectional
BER - Bit Error Rate
BPSK - Binary Phase - Shift Keying
CA - Conditional Access
CAM - Conditional Access Message
CAT - Conditional Access Table
CCIR - Comite' Consultatif International de Radiocommunications
CCITT - Comite Consultatif International du Telegraphe at du Telephone
CD - Compact Disc
CIF - Common Interchange Format
CNR - Carrier To Noise Ratio
Codec - Coder/Decoder
COFDM - Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation
CSA - Common Scrambling Algorithm
CVBS - Comosite Video Baseband Signal
DAB - Digital Audio Broadcast
DAC - Digital To Analog Converter
DAVIC - Digital Audio Video Council
DC - Direct Current
DCT - Discrete Cosine Transform
DiSEqC - Digital Satellite Equipment Control
DOCSIS - Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications
DPCM - Differential Pulse Code Modulation
DRAM - Dynamic Random Access Memory
DSM-CC - Digital Storage Media Command and Control
DSM - Digital Storage Media
DSP - Digital Signal Processor
DSS - Digital Satellite Systems
DTS - Decode Time Stamp
DTS - Decoding Time Stamp
DVB-CI - Digital Video Broadcasting Common Interface
DVB - Digital Video Broadcasting
DVB-SI - Digital Video Broadcasting Service Information
dvd - Digital Versatile Disk
DVQ - Digital Video Quality
EBU - European Broadcasting Union
ECM - Entitlement Control Messages
EI - Error Indication
EIT - Event Information Table
ELG - European Launching Group
EMM - Entitlement Management Messages
EPG - Electronic Programming Guide
ES - Elementary Stream
ETSI - European Telecommunications Standards Institute
FCC - Federal Communications Commission
FEC - Forward Error Correction
FFT - Fast Fourier Transform
FIFO - First - In - First - Out
FSK - Frequency Shift Keying
FSS - Fixed Satellite Service
FTA - Free to Air
GOP - Group of Pictures
HD - High Definition
HDMI - High Definition Multimedia Interface
HDTV - High Definition Television
HE AAC - High Efficiency Advanced Audio Codec
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
IDTV - Improved Definition Television
iDTV - Integrated Digital Television Receiver
IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission
I - In-Phase
I - Intra
IRD - Integrated Receiver and Decoder
ISDB-T - Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting Terrestrial
ISI - Inter Symbol Interference
ISO - International Standards Organization
ITU - International Telecommunication Union
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
LNC - Low Noise Converter
MAC - Medium Access Control
MHEG5 - Multimedia and Hypermedia Expert Group Version 5
MHP - Multimedia Home Platform
MP@ML - Main Profile at Main Level
MP3 - Motion Picture Experts Group Layer 3
MPEG - Motion Picture Experts Group
MPEG-TS - MPEG transport stream
MUSICAM - Masking Universal Sub - band Intergrated Coding and Multiplexing
NICAM - Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplexing
NIT - Network Information Table
NTSC - National Television System Committee
OFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OOB - Out of band
PAL ID - PAL Identification
PAL - Phase Alternating Line
PAT - Program Allocating Table
PAT - programs in a transport channel
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PCR - Program Clock Reference
PES - Packet Elementary Stream
PES - Packetized Elementary Stream
PID - packet identification code
PID - Packet Identifier
PMT - Program Map Table
p - Predictive Frames
PRBS - Pseudo - Random Binary Sequence
PSI - Program Specific Information
PS - Program Stream
PTS - Presentation Time Stamp
PU - Presentation Unit
PUSI - Payload Unit Start Indicator
QAM - Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QCIF - Quarter Common Intermediate Format
QEF - Quasi Error Free
QPSK - Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Q - Quadrature
RISC - Reduced Instruction Set Computer
RLC - Run Length Coding
RST - Running Status Table
RTI - Real Time Interface
SCR - System Clock Reference
SDRAM - Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
SD - Standard Definition
SDT - Service Description Table
SECAM - Sequential Couleur Avec MeMoire
SFN - Single Frequency Network
SIF - Source Intermediate Format
SMIL - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language
SPTS - Single Program Transport Stream
STC - System Time Clock
STD - System Target Decoder
STS - system time stamp
ST - Stuffing Table
TDT - Time and Date Table
TPS - Transmission Parameter Signaling
URM - User Rights Management
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VBS - Video Baseband Signal
VLC - Variable Length Coding
VLIW - Very Long Instruction Word
VSB - Vestigial Sideband
WSS - Wide Screeen Signaling

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