This book explains the operation of the signaling system 7 (SS7) and how it controls and interacts with public telephone networks and VoIP systems. SS7 is the standard communication system that is used to control public telephone networks. In addition to voice control, SS7 technology now offers advanced intelligent network features and it has recently been updated to include broadband control capabilities, local number portability, and mobile communication services. SS7 networks are now interconnecting with and operating on Internet data networks.
Related Books
This book will help the reader gain an understanding of SS7 technology, network equipment, and overall operation. It covers the reasons why SS7 exists and is necessary, as well as step-by-step procedures that describe the actions that occur in the network. SS7 Basics, 3rd Edition is for the technical and the non-technical reader alike.
Sample Diagrams
There are 78 self explanatory diagrams in this book
TCAP in the SS7 Layers
This figure shows how the TCAP functional part is located within the SS7 system. This diagram shows that the TCAP part converts and manages messages between lower layers and the application services and when TCAP is used for mobile services it is called mobile application part (MAP). This diagram also shows that the TCAP functional part in the SS7 system is equivalent to the OSI network model application layer 7.

SS7 International Gateway
This diagram shows how two national SS7 systems interconnect using an international gateway. This example shows that an ANSI based SS7 system require address translation and circuit identifier code format changes. This example shows that the ANSI 24 bit destination point code (DPC) and origination point code (OPC) addressing must be translated to 14 bit DPC and OPC codes for the ITU system. It also shows that the 14 bit ANSI CIC code used in ISUP messages must be translated to 12 bit CIC codes used by the ITU system.

SS7 Packet Structure
This diagram shows the basic differences between the SS7 MSUs packet structures as defined by ANSI and the ITU. This diagram shows that the ITU version uses a destination point code (DPC) and origination point code (OPC) that are 14 bits long. The ANSI MSU version uses a DPC and OPC codes that are 24 bits. The ANSI DPC and OPC codes are also divided into hierarchical structure that has member, cluster, and network groups of 8 bits each.

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - SS7 Defined
The Need for SS7
Basic SS7 Network Architecture
SS7 Signaling Link Types
- Access Link (A Link)
- Bridge Link (B Link)
- Cross Link (C Link)
- Diagonal Link (D Link)
- Extended Link (E Link)
- Fully Associated Link (F Link)
Service Switching Points (SSP)
Signal Transfer Points (STP)
Service Control Points (SCP)
SS7 Reliability
ISDN Access Protocol
SS7 Mapped Onto the OSI Layer Model
Chapter 2 - Message Transfer Part (MTP) Level 1
Digital Signaling Link
Analog Signaling Link
Chapter 3 - Message Transfer Part (MTP) Level 2
Message Formats
- Message Signal Units (MSU)
- Link Status Signal Unit (LSSU)
- Fill-in Signal Unit (FISU)
- Link Control Procedures
Chapter 4 - Message Transfer Part (MTP) Level 3
Signaling Message Handling
- Signaling Information Field: Routing Label
Signaling Network Management
- Signaling Link Management
- Signaling Route Management
- Signaling Traffic Management
Chapter 5 - Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP)
SCCP Addressing Translation
Connectionless Service
Connection Oriented Services
- SCCP Formats
Chapter 6 - Integrated Services Digital Network User Part (ISDN-UP)
Services
- Basic Bearer Services
- Supplementary Services
ISDN-UP Message Formats
Chapter 7 - Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP)
Introduction
TCAP Message Formats
- TCAP Component Layer Types
- Transaction Sub-layer
- Information Elements
TCAP Applications
- Network Ring Again
- Credit/Calling Card Verification
- 800 Freephone Service
Chapter 8 - Operations, Maintenance and Administration Part (OMAP)
Management Model
- System Management Application Process (SMAP)
- Management Information Base
- System Management Application Entity (SMAE)
OMAP Application Service Elements (ASE)
- Message Routing Verification Test (MRVT)
- Circuit Validation Test (CVT)
Chapter 9 - SS7 Enhanced Services
Network-based Enhanced Voice Messaging
Network Automatic Call Distribution (NACD)
Network-based Virtual Private Networking (VPN)
Custom Local Area Signaling Services (CLASS)
- Automatic Callback
- Automatic Recall
- Calling Number Identification
- Calling Number Display Blocking
- Customer Originated Trace (COT)
- Call Waiting
- Distinctive Ringing
- Selective Call Forwarding
- Selective Call Rejection
Enhanced 800 Services
Calling Card Services
Chapter 10 - Mobile Application Part (MAP)
Wireless Networks
- Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
- Base Station Controller (BSC)
- Switching Centers
- Network Databases
- Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
- Internet
Mobile Application Part (MAP) Interfaces
- Mobility Management
- SS7 Applications of Mobility
- Basic Service Support
- Mobile Paging
- Authentication
SS7 Mobility Standardization and Interoperability
Chapter 11 - Number Portability
Telecommunications Act of 1996
Local Number Portability (LNP)
Service Number Portability
Geographic Number Portability
SS7 Network Architecture to Support LNP
LNP Network Elements
Call Flow to a Ported Telephone Number
Administration of Ported Telephone Numbers
Chapter 12 - Broadband ISDN User Part (B-ISUP)
ATM System
Broadband Parameters
- New Channel Identification Parameters
- ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) Parameters
- Cell Rate
- Broadband Bearer Capability
- Narrowband Inter-working Capability
- Congestion Threshold Level
Chapter 13 - Intelligent Networks
Migration of Intelligence in the Network
Service Creation and Management
- Service Creation Environment (SCE)
- Service Management System (SMS)
Wireless Intelligent Networks (WIN)
- Customized Application of Mobile Enhanced Logic (CAMEL)
Chapter 14 - SS7 and Internet Protocol (IP)
SS7 and Internet Protocol (IP) Signaling Systems
Signaling Transport (SIGTRAN)
- Signaling Gateway (SG)
- Media Gateway (MG)
- Media Gateway Controller (MGC)
Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
MTP3 User Adaptation Layer (M3UA)
MTP2 User Adaptation Layer (M2UA)
MTP2 Adaptation Layer (M2PA)
CCP User Adaptation Layer (SUA)
ISDN User Adaptation Layer (IUA)
Internet Protocol (IP) Telephony Systems
- Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP)
- Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
- H.323
Chapter 15 - International SS7
SS7 Addressing
Circuit Identification Codes (CICs)
Transcoding
International Gateway Facilities (IGF)
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About the Authors
Mr. Lawrence Harte is the president of Althos, an expert information provider covering the communications industry. He has over 29 years of technology analysis, development, implementation, and business management experience. Mr. Harte has worked for leading companies including Ericsson/General Electric, Audiovox/Toshiba and Westinghouse and consulted for hundreds of other companies. Mr. Harte continually researches, analyzes, and tests new communication technologies, applications, and services. He has authored over 30 books on telecommunications technologies on topics including Wireless Mobile, Data Communications, VoIP, Broadband, Prepaid Services, and Communications Billing. Mr. Hartes holds many degrees and certificates include an Executive MBA from Wake Forest University (1995) and a BSET from the University of the State of New York, (1990).
Mr. Bowler is an independent telecommunications training consultant. He has almost 20 years experience in designing and delivering training in the areas of wireless networks and related technologies, including CDMA, TDMA, GSM and 3G systems. He also has expertise in Wireless Local Loop and microwave radio systems and has designed and delivered a range of training courses on SS7 and other network signaling protocols. Mr. Bowler has worked for a number of telecommunications operators including Cable and Wireless and Mercury Communications and also for Wray Castle a telecommunications training company where he was responsible for the design of training programmes for delivery on a global basis. Mr. Bowler was educated in the United Kingdom and holds a series of specialized maritime electronic engineering certificates.
Richard C. Dreher, P.E. is an executive consultant to the telecommunications industry working for global telecommunication companies. Since 1983, Mr. Dreher has experience in digital communications, including long distance tandem switching, local number portability (LNP), local area network (LAN) design, SS7 engineering, cellular equipment product planning and technical sales, and Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN) and Service Creation product marketing. His entrepreneurialism led to start-up experience with a PCS wireless carrier as their network systems technology director. Richard earned his BSEE from the University of Colorado, is a registered Professional Engineer (P.E.), a senior member and past executive officer of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and a published author in trade journals, text books, and magazines.
Toni Beninger is an interactive multimedia software specialist for the telecommunications industry. Ms. Beninger earned her B.Sc. degree from the University of Ottawa, and subsequently completed her education qualifications at Queen's University. She has had an extensive career in telecommunications documentation and training. Ms. Beninger was the senior technical training manager at Bell-northern Research Ltd.'s main laboratory in Ottawa. Ms. Beninger has been an executive at Sanctuary Woods, a multimedia software company. Ms. Beninger has extensive experience in SONET and Signaling System 7 (SS7).
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